In these spaces, the lungs are ventilated and receiving enough air, but blood is not being oxygenated in that space because the air is not reaching perfused areas. An example of an anatomical shunt is the effect of gravity on the lungs.
Anatomical dead space occurs naturally in areas of the lungs that don’t come in contact with alveoli (like the trachea). Anatomical dead space and anatomical shunts arise from anatomical deficiencies.Dead space is created when no ventilation and/or perfusion takes place.
As a result, the amount of oxygen in the blood decreases, whereas the carbon dioxide level increases. Dead spaces can severely impact breathing, because they reduce the surface area available for gas diffusion. Both produce dead space or shunts, regions of ineffective lung tissue. This difference between the amounts of air and blood reaching the lungs is referred to as ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch.
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